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Evidence Summary

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What Works to Increase Refugee and Immigrant Families’ Access to Early Childhood Services?

Strong evidence demonstrates that state and program policies can increase enrollment in child care and early education.

Three impact evaluations and one systematic review demonstrate that policies designed to provide free child care and early education have been successful in increasing enrollment among immigrant and refugee populations by as much as 20% (Chan, 2019). Other policies, such as randomized admission among eligible children, could also support participation in child care and early education among immigrant populations.

This document summarizes the state of available evidence regarding the practices, policies, approaches, and interventions that increase access to and participation in early childhood programs among refugee and immigrant families with young children.

Post TitleStrength of EvidenceType of StudyDirection of Evidence
Looking through the lens: a photovoice study examining access to services for newcomer childrenSuggestiveSuggestive evidenceNo evidence about impact
Immigrant Health through the Lens of Home Visitors, Supervisors, and Administrators: The Florida Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting ProgramSuggestiveSuggestive evidencePositive impact
Preschool for all? Enrollment and maternal labour supply implications of a bilingual preschool policyModerateImpact evaluationPositive impact
Relationship Building, Collaboration and Flexible Service Delivery: The Path to Engagement of Refugee Families and Communities in Early Childhood Trauma Recovery ServicesSuggestiveSuggestive evidencePositive impact
Promoting integration of immigrants: Effects of free child care on child enrollment and parental employmentModerateImpact evaluationPositive impact
Quality audit of an early childhood nurse program for resettled refugeesSuggestiveSuggestive evidencePositive impact
Equitable access to developmental surveillance and early intervention – understanding the barriers for children from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgroundsSuggestiveSuggestive evidenceNo evidence about impact
The role of access to Head Start and quality ratings for Spanish-Speaking Dual Language Learners’ (DLLs) participation in early childhood educationModerateImpact evaluationPositive impact
Newcomer families’ experiences with programs and services to support early childhood development in Canada: A scoping reviewSuggestiveLiterature reviewNo impact
Low-income African and Latina immigrant mothers’ selection of early childhood care and education (ECCE): Considering the complexity of cultural and structural influencesSuggestiveSuggestive evidenceNo evidence about impact
What do parents want from preschool? Perspectives of low-income Latino/a immigrant familiesSuggestiveSuggestive evidenceNo evidence about impact
Early Childhood Education and Care Access for Children from Disadvantaged Backgrounds: Using a Framework to Guide InterventionSuggestiveLiterature reviewNo evidence about impact
Early childhood special education in a refugee resettlement community: challenges and innovative practicesSuggestiveSuggestive evidenceNo evidence about impact

Websites and databases  Population terms  Methodology terms  Target outcome terms 
AIR 

Child Trends 

Mathematica 

Migration Policy Institute 

PsycInfo 

PubMed 

SocIndex 

Urban Institute 

Web of Science 

“refugee” 

OR 

“immigrant” 

OR 

“unaccompanied minor” 

OR 

“asylee” 

OR 

“temporary protected status” 

OR 

 “victims of traffick*”  

OR 

“traffick* victims” 

OR 

“T-Visa” 

OR 

“U-Visa” 

OR 

“Cuban” 

OR  

“Haitian” 

OR 

“Amerasian” 

 

“evaluation” 

OR 

“impact” 

OR 

“program” 

OR 

“intervention” 

OR 

“policy”  

OR 

“train” 

OR 

“training” 

OR 

“review” 

OR 

“meta-analysis” 

OR 

“synthesis” 

 

“early childhood program” 

OR 

“early childhood services” 

OR 

“early childhood development” 

OR 

“early care” 

OR  

“early education” 

OR 

“child care” 

OR 

“early learning” 

OR 

“preschool” 

OR 

“Early Head Start” 

OR 

“Head Start” 

OR 

“home visit” 

OR 

“home visiting” 

OR 

“comprehensive services” 

OR 

“two-generation” 

OR 

“whole family” 

OR 

“family resource center” 

OR 

“early intervention”