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Evidence Database

Switchboard has developed a database of research studies to help refugee service providers in the U.S deliver evidence-based interventions. Studies are added on an ongoing basis. Most studies included in this database are published articles identified in the process of developing Switchboard Evidence Summaries. Use the search area to find content based on criteria like outcome area, intervention, publication year, population, and study type.

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Diversity initiatives in the US workplace: A brief history, their intended and unintended consequences

Diversity initiatives are designed to help workers from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve equitable opportunities and outcomes in organizations. However, these programs are often ineffective. To better understand less-than-desired outcomes and the shifting diversity landscape, we synthesize literature on how corporate affirmative action programs became diversity initiatives and current literature on their effectiveness. We focus specifically on […]

  • Year Published: 2022
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Diversity initiative effectiveness: A typological theory of unintended consequences

The purpose of diversity initiatives is to help groups that face disadvantage in society achieve better outcomes in organizations, but they do not necessarily work as intended. To advance understanding of the effects of diversity initiatives, I develop a typological theory of their unintended consequences. I propose that diversity initiatives produce four unintended consequence types: […]

  • Year Published: 2019
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Building a framework for inclusion in health services research: Development of and pre-implementation faculty and staff attitudes toward the diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) plan at Mayo Clinic

Objective:To mitigate the impact of racism, sexism, and other systemic biases, it is essential for organizations to develop strategies to address their diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) climates. The objective of this formative evaluation was to assess Mayo Clinic Department of Health Sciences Research (HSR) faculty and staff perceptions toward a proposed departmental DEI plan […]

  • Year Published: 2021
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Evaluating the organizational advancement of diversity, equity, and inclusion in extension education

In response to global trends and calls for greater inclusivity, the field of extension education has made significant strides towards embracing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) principles. This study explores the progress of DEI initiatives in the Cooperative Extension System (CES), which has aligned with industry groups, non-profit organizations, academia, and scientific societies worldwide. Through […]

  • Year Published: 2024
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Developing scientifically validated bias and diversity trainings that work: Empowering agents of change to reduce bias, create inclusion, and promote equity

Purpose Research consistently shows that non-scientific bias, equity, and diversity trainings do not work, and often make bias and diversity problems worse. Despite these widespread failures, there is considerable reason for hope that effective, meaningful DEI efforts can be developed. One approach in particular, the bias habit-breaking training, has 15 years of experimental evidence demonstrating […]

  • Year Published: 2022
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Value creation and value appropriation in public and nonprofit organizations

In recent years, strategy scholarship expanded its scope beyond the realm of private firms. Despite notable advances, the field still lacks theoretical and empirical frameworks for fully understanding how public and nonprofit organizations interact with private firms to create and appropriate value. By recognizing the inherent complexity of interactions between organizations with different purposes and […]

  • Year Published: 2019
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The influence of board diversity, board diversity policies and practices, and board inclusion behaviors on nonprofit governance practices

This study examines how and when non-profit board performance is impacted by board diversity. Specifically, we investigate board diversity policies and practices as well as board inclusion behaviors as mediating mechanisms for the influence of age, gender and racial/ethnic diversity of the board on effective board governance practices. The empirical analysis, using a sample of […]

  • Year Published: 2016
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Exploring NSF-funded evaluators’ and principal investigators’ definitions and measurements of diversity, equity, and inclusion

More evaluators have anchored their work in equity-focused, culturally responsive, and social justice ideals. Although we have a sense of approaches that guide evaluators as to how they should attend to culture, diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), we have not yet established an empirical understanding of how evaluators measure DEI. In this article, we report […]

  • Year Published: 2023
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A systematic review of diversity, equity, and inclusion and antiracism training studies: Findings and future directions

A growing number of organizations are prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and antiracism in the workplace, including investing resources in DEI or antiracism training. However, such trainings vary widely in curriculum, objectives, delivery, and evaluation, with little known about the efficacy of existing trainings. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate training […]

  • Year Published: 2024
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Short-term outcomes of a diversity, equity, and inclusion institute for nursing faculty

Background:Student populations in the United States are increasingly diverse, prompting the need to make learning environments in schools of nursing more inclusive. Training for faculty is needed to support this work; however, evidence regarding best practices to make classrooms more inclusive is lacking.Method:A 3-day Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Institute was developed and conducted to […]

  • Year Published: 2019
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