Shortcomings in schools’ efforts to serve English learners (ELs) are often both a function of the continuing scarcity of teacher education and the ability of schools to implement high-quality professional development (PD) to successfully prepare effective teachers for this marginalized student population. Scant literature addresses the processes for initiating EL-focused PD, as well as the effectiveness of PD at the school-wide level. In this study, survey data collected from designing and delivering PD were examined to ascertain what makes for effective PD with respect to teaching ELs. Results of this multi-phase study suggest that educators are looking for not only how they can assess and accommodate the learning needs of ELs but also how to better support the larger contexts in which they learn. Additional findings included the need for learning specific types of strategies, conceptual frameworks, and interventions to help ELs learn both literacy, as well as in specific content areas. Implications for designing and evaluating EL-focused PD are discussed.
The management of volunteers – What can human resources do? A review and research agenda
There is an increasing interest from scholars and practitioners in understanding how non-profit organizations can design and implement human resources (HR) practices to enhance desirable volunteer attitudes and behaviors. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of existing studies on the relationship between HR practices and volunteering outcomes. We use the ability-motivation-opportunity model as a guiding…